Lesson 9: Word Building & Onset-Rime Manipulation

[ANSWER KEY] Teacher Reference Guide

LESSON 9: Word Building & Onset-Rime Manipulation — Master Key

Complete Solutions, Orthographic Rules, Science of Reading & Context Sentences

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Master Solutions for All 5 Word Families (31 Words Total) Official Solution

1. -et Family (/ɛt/)

• m + et → met
• g + et → get
• l + et → let
• b + et → bet
• n + et → net
• p + et → pet
• s + et → set
• w + et → wet

2. -eck Family (/ɛk/)

• n + eck → neck
• d + eck → deck
• p + eck → peck
Digraph -ck follows short vowel

3. -ess Family (/ɛs/)

• l + ess → less
• m + ess → mess
• dr + ess → dress
• bl + ess → bless
FLOSS rule doubles -ss

4. -est Family (/ɛst/)

• b + est → best
• n + est → nest
• r + est → rest
• t + est → test
• v + est → vest
• w + est → west
• bl + est → blest

5. -ash Family (/æʃ/)

• d + ash → dash
• l + ash → lash
• m + ash → mash
• r + ash → rash
• c + ash → cash
• cr + ash → crash
• cl + ash → clash
• fl + ash → flash
• thr + ash → thrash

Science of Reading: Orthographic Mapping & Onset-Rime Architecture

• Onset-Rime Segmentation: Readers decode by breaking monosyllabic words into the initial onset (consonant or cluster before the vowel) and the rime (vowel + coda). Phonogram rimes remain constant (/ɛt/, /ɛk/, /ɛs/, /ɛst/, /æʃ/), allowing rapid analogy decoding (Goswami's Rime Theory).
• Spelling Conventions (Orthographic Rules):
• -ck Rule: The /k/ sound immediately following a single short vowel in a 1-syllable word is always spelled with -ck (neck, deck, peck).
• FLOSS Rule: 1-syllable words with a short vowel ending in /s/ double the final letter -ss (less, mess, dress, bless).
• Archaic 'blest': Historical spelling for blessed, preserved in 19th-century literature and poetry.

Classroom Dictation & Vocabulary Context Guide

• peck: The hen took a quick peck at the grain.
• deck: The captain walked on the ship's deck.
• bless: Bless the little children in our school.
• blest: "How blest are they who love the truth." (poetic)

• clash: The colors of the ribbons did not clash.
• thrash: The farmer will thrash the wheat from the chaff.
• rash: Think carefully before making a rash decision.
• dash: We made a quick dash through the rain.

Instructional Steps & Scoring Rubric Scoring Guide (25 pts)

Task Focus	Instructional Standard	Scoring Points
1. -et Family	Accurate onset substitution (met, get, let, bet, net, pet, set, wet).	5 pts (0.6 pt/word).
2. -eck Family	Correct application of -ck spelling (neck, deck, peck).	3 pts (1 pt/word).
3. -ess Family	Correct application of FLOSS rule -ss (less, mess, dress, bless).	4 pts (1 pt/word).
4. -est Family	Accurate blending of onset + -est (best, nest, rest, test, vest, west, blest).	6 pts (1 pt/word).
5. -ash Family	Accurate blending with blends cr, cl, fl, thr (dash, lash, mash, rash, cash, crash, clash, flash, thrash).	7 pts (0.8 pt/word).