The Complete Laws of Final “y” • Suffixes -ed, -ing, & -es • Page 70
Name:
Date:
★ LESSONS 130 & 131 • LAWS OF FINAL "Y" • CONSONANT + Y vs. VOWEL + Y
SUFFIXATION • 26PX STANDARD LINES
1. Consonant + y Verb Suffixation: “-ed” (y → i) vs. “-ing” (y Retained)
Lesson 130 • 5 Verb Triads
Wheeler's Law:“Final y after a consonant is changed to i before the suffix ed, but is not changed before the suffix ing (e.g. cry → cried, crying).”
Base Verb
Add -ed (Change y → i)
Add -ing (Retain y to prevent ii)
cry
carry
pity
hurry
deny
2. Plural Noun Orthography: Consonant + y (y → i + es) vs. Vowel + y (+ s)
Lessons 130 & 131 Comparative Studio
A. Consonant + y → “-ies”Change y to i + es
Preceded by consonant: change y → i and add -es (fly → flies).
lily→ lilies
berry→ berries
daisy→ daisies
city→ cities
baby→ babies
story→ stories
B. Vowel + y → “-ys”Add simple -s only
Preceded by vowel (ay, ey, oy): y is NOT changed; simply add -s (valley → valleys).
toy→ toys
key→ keys
valley→ valleys
alley→ alleys
pulley→ pulleys
joy→ joys
3. Original Sentence Synthesis (Wheeler's Sentence Requirement)
Possessive • 26px Baseline • 13px Midline
1. Complete with the plural of baby and toy:
“The happy ___________________ played with their bright new ___________________.”
2. Complete with the plural of valley and berry:
“Down in the green ___________________, we gathered sweet wild ___________________.”
3. Possessive Rule Note: Y does not change before 's:
“The ___________________ (baby + 's) rattle fell upon the ___________________ (lady + 's) dress.”